Important Battles And Wars In India

• Battle of hydaspes (326 B.C.)- when Alexander, the great had to turn back from Hydaspes when his troops refused to march into India against the Nanda Empire.

• Battle of Kalinga- it was fought in 261 B.C.  Between Asoka, the great and the king of kalinga. The war resulted in considerable loss of life and brought misery and suffering to the people. Its impression on Asoka was so great that he not only turned a Buddhist, but renounced war and violence.

• 1^st Battle of Terrain (1191 A.D.)- Prithvi Raj defeated Mohammed Ghori.

• 2^nd Battle of Terrain (1192 A.D)- Mohammed Ghori defeated Prithvi Raj and paved the way for Muslim rule in India.
• Battle of Chandawar(1194)- In this battle Jaichandra was defeated by Mohammad Ghori.

• 1^st Battle of Panipat (1526)- Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi. This laid the foundation of Mughal rule in India.
• Battle of Khanwa(17-March-1527) -Rajputs under Rana of Mewar Rana Sanga, were defeated by Babur of Ferghana. Rana Sanga was wounded in the battlefield.
• Battle of Chanderi(1528)- Medini Rai of Chanderi was defeated in the hands of Babur.
• Battle of Ghagra or Gogara (6-May-1529) -Babur defeated and dispersed Afghans.

• Battle of chausal (7-June-1539)- Sher shah defeated the mughals, but Humayun, the king escaped by crossing over the river.

• Battle of Kanauj or Billgram (17-May-1540) -Sher shah won against Humayun. Occupied only Agra city.

• Battle for Delhi (7 October 1556) -King 'Hem Chandra Vikramaditya' defeated Akbar's forces in Delhi.

• 2^nd Battle of Panipat (1556)- Akbar defeated Hemu. It ended the Afgan rule and the way was cleared for Mughal rule.

• Battle of Talikota (1565)-The united alliance of Bijapur. Bidar,Ahmednagar and Golkunda undr Hussain Nizam Shah defeated Ram Raja of vijaynagar. It sealed the fate of the Hindu kingdom of Vijaynagar.

• Battle of Haldighati (1576)- Akbar defeated Rana Pratap. The latter had to take refuge in remote fortresses.

• Battle Of Plassey (1757)- The British under Lord Clive defeated Sirajuddaulah. It laid foundation of the British Rule in India.

• Third Battle of Panipat (1761) - Ahmed Shah Abdali defeatd the Marahattas. The Marahatta power suffered an irreparable loss.

• Battle of Buxer (1764) - The British under sir Hector Munro defeated the Muslim army under three Mohammad leader: Mir Qasim, Shuj-ud-daulha and shah Alam 2^nd . The battle made the British supreme in India.
• First Mysore War (1767- 68)—In 1768, Haider Ali was defeated by the English relinquishing all his rights over Mysore in favour of the English.

•  Second Mysore War 1780— A grand alliance between Haider Ali, the Nizam and the Marathas was formed and Haider Ali. He defeated the English and took possession of Arcot and became the undisputed master of the Carnatic.

• Third Mysore War 1790- 92—Fought between the English and Tipu Sultan. Tipu Sultan had to submit and was compelled to sign the Treaty of Seringapattam stripped him of half his territory.  

•  Fourth Mysore War 1799— The British forces under Arthur Wellesley defeated Tipu Sultan, which brought the end of the Tipu Sultan. Maratha War 1803-05—It weakened the Maratha power. The English annexed Tanjore, Surat and Carnatic.

• Fourth Maratha War 1817- 18—The British forces defeated Marathas and this campaign finally extinguished the Maratha Empire. 

• The First Sikh war (1845) – The Sikh army crossed Sutlej in 1845 at which the East India Company declared war. British occupied Lahore and forced the Sikhs to accept humiliating terms of peace.
• Battle of Cheelianwala 1849—Forces of the East India Company under Lord Hugh Gough defeated the Sikhs under Sher Singh. 
• Burmese War 1885—As a result of this War, the whole of Burma was occupied by the English and made a part of India. 
• Afghan War III 1919—As a result of this War, Treaty of Rawalpindi was signed by which Afghanistan was recognised as an independent State. 
• The India-China War (1962)- Also known as the Sino-Indian Border Conflict was a war between China and India

• Indo-Pak war (1965) – An indecisive war between india and Pakistan. It led to ‘Taskent Pact’ between the two countries.
• Pak War Dec 1971— Pakistan started the war attacking India on Dec 3. India defeated Pakistan on all fronts. Pakistani occupation forces, numbering about one lakh, in East Bengal (Bangladesh) surrendered. Bangladesh emerged as an independent nation.

• Kargil war (1999) – India forces scored grand victory over Pakistani army and Pak supported mercenaries in a conflict in the Kargil sector of Jammu & Kashmir. The operation was named ‘Operation Vijay.’ The Indian forces cleared Kargil of all Pakistani elements.