learn Tense in English

INDEFINITE

CONTINUOUS

PERFECT

PERFECT CONTINUOUS

	H.V.	M.V.	H.V.	M.V.	H.V.	M.V.	H.V.	M..V.
PRESENT	*	v1 v5	is/am/are	v4	has have	v3	has been have been	v4
PAST	*	v2	was were	v4	had	v3	had been	v4
FUTURE	shall will	v1	shall be will be	v4	shall have will have	v3	shall have been will have been	v4

H.V.  = Helping verb
 M.V. = Main verb
 v4     =  v1+ing
 v5     = v1+s/es

 Every negative sentence take not  after first part of helping verb.
 Every interrogative sentence take after first part of helping before subject.
 In has been have been  had been etc. has, have had are first part of helping verb.
  
SOME IMPOTENT RULE OF TENSES 

  
                                               PRESENT TENSES
 
  PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
  
   sub+v1/v5+obj.  but in negative & integrative sentence take helping verb do/dose.
       
   HE, SHE, IT ,NAME = dose
   I, WE, YOU, THEY  =  do

  With singular subject ( HE, SHE, IT ,NAME ) = verb + (s)
   With Plural                    ( I, WE, YOU, THEY ) = Verb only

In Simple Present, the action is simply mentioned and there is nothing being said about its completeness.

  I eat.
  I sleep.
  I play.
 

Structure of present simple
positive	negative	question
I work in a post office. You work in a post office. We work in a post office. They work in a post office.	I don't (do not) work. You don't (do not) work. We don't (do not) work. They don't (do not) work.	Do I work in a post office ? Do you work in a post office ? Do we work in a post office ? Do they work in a post office ?
He works in a bank. She works in a bank. The bank opens at 9 o'clock.	He doesn't (does not) work. She doesn't (does not) work. It doesn't (does not) open at 9 o'clock.	Does he work? Does she work? Does it open at 9 o'clock?

Present simple - common mistakes
Common mistakes	Correct sentence	Why?
I working in India.	I work in India.	The -ing form is not used in the present simple.
He work in India.	He works in India.	The third person he, she, it adds the letter s.
He work in India?	Does he work in India?	Questions - third person: does + subject + infinitive. All other persons: do + subject + infinitive.
Work he in India?	Does he work in India?
He not work in India.	He doesn't work in India.	Negatives - third person: subject + doesn't + infinitive. All other persons: subject + don't + infinitive.

 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
 
sub+is/am/are+v4+obj+adj.
i take helping verb am

With singular subject ( HE, SHE, IT ,NAME ) =is+v4.
With Plural                    ( WE, YOU, THEY ) =are+v4.
In Present Continuous, the action is on-going/ still going on and hence continuous.
 
I am eating.
I am sleeping.
I am playing.
 
 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
  With singular subject ( HE, SHE, IT ,NAME ) =has+v3.
  With Plural                    ( I, WE, YOU, THEY ) =have+v3.
In Present Perfect, the action is complete or has ended and hence termed Perfect.
 
I have eaten.
I have slept.
I have played.
 
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
  With singular subject ( HE, SHE, IT ,NAME ) =has been+v4.
With Plural                    ( I,WE, YOU, THEY ) =have been+v4.
In Present Perfect Continuous, the action has been taking place for some time and is still ongoing.
 
I have been eating.
I have been sleeping.
I have been playing.
 
                                                          PAST TENSES
 
 PAST INDEFINITE TENSE

Did take M.V first form


Sub+v2+obj.
Sub+didn't/did not+v1+obj.
Did+sub+v1+obj ?
Did +sub+not+v1+obj ?

In Simple Past, the action is simply mentioned and understood to have taken place in the past.
I ate.
I slept.
I played.
 
  PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
   
Sub+was/were+v4+obj.
In Past Continuous, the action was ongoing till a certain time in the past.
I was eating.
I was sleeping.
I was playing.
 
  PAST PERFECT TENSE
   
Sub+had+v3+obj.
Past Perfect is used to express something that happened before another action in the past.
 
I had eaten.
I had slept.
I had played.
 
 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
   
Sub+has/have+been+v4+for/since+obj. 

since - if the starting point is given (two o'clock, last Friday, 1998) - 
for - if the period of time is given (twenty minutes, two days, one year).

Past Perfect Continuous is used to express something that started in the past and continued until another time in the past.
 
I had been eating.
I had been sleeping.
I had been playing.
 
                                                    FUTURE TENSES
 
  FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE
 
Simple Future is used when we plan or make a decision to do something. Nothing is said about the time in the future.
I will eat.
I will sleep.
I will play.
 
   FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
 
The future continuous tense is used to express action at a particular moment in the future. However, the action will not have finished at the moment.
 
I will be eating at 9 a.m.
I will be sleeping when you arrive.
I will be playing at 5 p.m.
 
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
 
Future Perfect expresses action that will occur in the future before another action in the future.
 
I will have eaten before 10 a.m.
I will have slept before you arrive.
I will have played before 6 p.m.
 

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
 
Future Perfect Continuous is used to talk about an on-going action before some point in the future.
 
I will have been sleeping for two hours when you arrive.
I will have been playing for an hour when it is 5 p.m.
  

                Some additional rule of tense 
 FOR PRESENT INDEFINITE 
 1.present ROUTINE, repeated action, fact, Universal truth indicate present indefinite tense.

 FOR PAST INDEFINITE 
 2. In a sentence YESTERDAY, AGO, LAST NIGHT, LAST WEEK LAST YEAR, LAST-      SUNDAY/MONDAY, etc word indicate past indefinite tense.
 if any sentence began with IT IS TIME  or IT IS HIGH TIME use of past indefinite tense. 
 for PAST HABIT we must use of past indefinite.   

 FOR PRESENT PERFECT TENSE   
3.if any sentence use of YET, JUST NOW, IT IS FIRST TIME -SECOND/THIRD/ FOURTH TIME etc. indicate present prefect tense.

4.Imagination sentence always use were as a verb never effect of subject .

5. SEE, HEAR, HAS, HAVE, UNDERSTAND, REMEMBER, KNOW, BELIEVE, never use as a verb in continuous tense  we should convert its type sentence into present indefinite tense. 

6. just After AS SOON AS, WHEN, IF, BEFORE, AFTER, TILL,UNTIL, UNLESS, use of present indefinite tense and main sentence take future indefinite tense.

7.if in past tense continuous execute two incident  first incident take past perfect and second incident take past indefinite tense.

8. for permanent activities use of present indefinite and temporary activities use of present continuous tense
      
1. If+sub+had+v3..................................would have+v3
2. Had+sub+v3.....................................would have+v3
3. would have +v3.................................if+sub+had+v3
4. would have+v3..................................had+sub+v3
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