Active and passive voice

The places of subject and object in sentence are inter-changed in passive voice. 3rd form of verb (past participle) will be used only (as main verb) in passive voice.


In active voice 

  Adam cleaned the kitchen

in passive voice  

  The kitchen was cleaned by Adam

 Formation of the passive form

Active	Passive
Present simple  She does the homework.	am/are/is + past participle  The homework is done (by her).
Past simple  He did the homework.	was/were + past participle  The homework was done (by him).
Present continuous  She is doing the homework.	am/are/is + being + past participle  The homework is being done (by her).
Past continuous  He was doing the homework	was/were + being + past participle  The homework was being done (by him).
Present perfect  She has done the homework.	have/has + been + past participle  The homework has been done (by her)
Past perfect  He had done the homework.	had + been + past participle  The homework had been done (by him).
future (will)  She will do the homework.	will + been + past participle  The homework will be done (by her).
future (going to) He is going to do the homework.	am/are/is going to + be + past participle  The homework is going to be done (by him).
Infinitive  She wants to do the homework.	to be + past participle  She wants the homework to be done (by her).
Modal  He can do the homework.	modal + be + past participle  The homework can be done (by him).
Gerund  They are building the house.	being + past participle  The house is being built.
Present Conditional When I have time, I do the filing.	get +past participle  When I have time, the filing gets done

  Indefinite 1         cont 2              per 3       per. con 4

2	2	4	0
2	2	4	0
2	0	4	0

Here  in second table a simple trick to understand change of sentence in passive voice.
code 2 = continuous
code 4=  perfect continuous
code 0 = no change

Present indefinite will change according to position no.2 or continuous, however present continuous change according to position no.2 or no change.

Intransitive and stative verbs
Intransitive verbs are verbs that have a subject but don’t have an object.
Ex: run, fall, die, sleep, arrive

Use of preposition after following verbs
Not:- surprised, astonished, satisfied + at
         pleased, interested, + in
         known + to

Change in pronouns
subject          object
  I                    me
  we                 us
  He                 him
  She               her
  they               them

1. when sentence start with wh- words in passive voice same started wh- words.
    but when sentence start with who in passive voice add By before whom.

    example: 1. why did America attack Taliban ? (active voice)
                     why was Taliban attacked by America ? (passive voice)

                 2. who broke this cup? (active voice)
                     By whom was this cup broken ? (passive voice)

Whom--------who
who-----------By whom

sentence of ORDER

Let +object + be + v3

1. Do it .
    let it be done.

2. shut the door.
   let the door be shut. 
 
sentence of suggestion

object + should be + v3

sentence of Request

In passivise voice skip please, kindly and begin if sentence is affirmative YOU ARE REQUEST TO 
and in negative sentence YOU ARE REQUESTED NOT TO  

1. please shut the door.
    you are request to shut the door.

sentence begin with Let 

Let + object +be+ v3 + by + subject 

Begin with nobody/ no one   

In passive voice skip nobody/ no one and make negative sentence.
 1. No body can answer such question.
     such question can not be answer 

begin with It is time

1. It is time to open the office.
    it is time for the office to be opened.

2. it is time to shut the shop.
    it is time for the shop to be shut.